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121.
122.
制定适合企业自身发展的职业安全健康方针至关重要,然而目前这方面的研究相对较少。本文收集了国内27家、国外10家知名企业的职业安全健康方针,统计分析了国内外职业安全健康方针在形式和内容上的区别与联系。通过定性分析和定量研究,得出国外企业职业安全健康方针的共性特点和国内企业职业安全健康方针的最常见组合模式。理论联系实际,将我国《职业安全健康管理体系规范(》GB/T28001-2004)中方针的编写要求与研究结论相结合,探讨在新形势下,如何制定企业职业安全健康方针的方法。 相似文献
123.
Tracking the implementation of green credit policy in China: top-down perspective and bottom-up reform 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Chinese government has introduced the green credit policy to mitigate the environmental impact of industrialization by reining in credit loans to companies and projects with poor environmental performance. This research investigated the implementation of the green credit policy both at the national and provincial levels. Our results show that the green credit policy is not fully implemented. The wide-ranging impact on high-polluting and high energy-consuming industries, vague policy details unclear implementing standards, and lack of environmental information are the main problems in the implementation of the green credit policy in China. On the other hand, the practice at local level (Jiangsu Province) is more practical by integrating green credit policy with the environmental performance rating system. Finally, suggestions are outlined to improve China's green credit policy. 相似文献
124.
Recovery plans are the main documents supporting management decision-making for threatened species. We evaluated Australian recovery plans to assess their appropriateness as conservation and management planning instruments. Six legislative requirements (species information and general requirements, species distribution and location, known and potential threats, objectives, performance criteria and actions, duration of the plan, and estimated costs of plan implementation) were used to assess the degree of compliance of recovery plans with the relevant legislation. We assessed all 236 official recovery plans which had been adopted as at January 2006. The results showed that plans were most compliant regarding the setting of objectives, performance criteria, recovery actions, and duration of plan. Most plans included a single performance criterion that was generally related to the population status of target species. Improvement is required in relation to identification of current threats and critical habitats, and the establishment of basic elements of monitoring and evaluation for measuring recovery progress. Gaps in ecological information are the main factors affecting adequate compliance with legislative requirements as opposed to managerial information (e.g. clarity in establishing the implementation schedule, costs and resource allocation). Planning deficiencies could be addressed by improving the recovery planning guidelines and more carefully reviewing the drafting and adoption of new plans. 相似文献
125.
In this paper, a real options based binominal lattices model for the investment of coal bed methane (CBM) is conducted. CBM prices and market demand are incorporated into the model as the predominant uncertain factors and it is solved by using the bidimensional binominal lattices approach. Then the model is employed to evaluate the investment in CBM projects in China, and the effect of related policies is analyzed. The empirical results demonstrate that the model can be used to offer a better explanation of why the CBM industry has developed slowly in China from an investment perspective. It is found that the current policy environment is not positive enough to attract investment in the CBM industry. Among various factors, CBM prices yield the most significant effect on stimulating investment in CBM development. Increasing the price subsidy is also an effective policy to stimulate investment and promote the development of the CBM industry in China. 相似文献
126.
We analyze the process of landfill diversion and its main determinants, by embedding the dynamics in a frame where economic, geographical and policy variables come into play. In addition to structural and economic drivers, we primarily investigate whether the Italian tax has been effective in supporting landfill diversion. Although the Italian landfill tax dates back to 1996, the oldest in the EU, its effectiveness in terms of landfill diversion has not been assessed yet. The complexity primarily derives from the decentralized regional implementation and the absence of a full coherent dataset covering all regions. We merge this new and original data on taxes to an integrated dataset which includes economic, waste and policy variables at regional level over the period 1999–2008. Panel regressions show that the effect of tax is significant, even when taking into account for its possible endogeneity. Regions that have increased such taxes have improved waste disposal performances over time. Landfill taxes are surely not the only instrument policy makers might introduce, but they seem to play a relevant role in the evolution of Italian waste disposal performances. 相似文献
127.
During the last few years in the Netherlands an integrated environmental policy has been developed. Solving environmental problems by means of effective and efficient solutions requires that the entire environmental cycle be considered in order to take all relevant compartments and aspects into account. Four different phases can be identified during the treatment of an environmental problem by management: recognition, formulation, solution, and control.Some qualitative and quantitative aspects of the information demand of environmental policy are explored. Special attention is given to the consequences of the integral approach in environmental policy in terms of information requirements. The process of information supply starts with an analysis of the demand. Subsequently data from the environmental cycle have to be selected, aggregated, and presented adequately. Further, integrated environmental policy puts increased demands on the associative power of environmental information systems. 相似文献
128.
阐述了煤炭在我国能源中的地位及其与环境之间的矛盾,介绍了我国现行的煤炭资源环境保护政策,之后就化解煤炭资源环境保护政策与其在现实中的矛盾提出了几项措施。 相似文献
129.
Integrating lidar and satellite optical depth with ambient monitoring for 3-dimensional particulate characterization 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Jill A. Engel-Cox Raymond M. Hoff Raymond Rogers Fred Dimmick Alan C. Rush James J. Szykman Jassim Al-Saadi D. Allen Chu Erica R. Zell 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2006,40(40):8056-8067
A combination of in-situ PM2.5, sunphotometers, upward pointing lidar and satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) instruments have been employed to better understand variability in the correlation between AOD and PM2.5 at the surface. Previous studies have shown good correlation between these measures, especially in the US east, and encouraged the use of satellite data for spatially interpolating between ground sensors. This work shows that cases of weak correlation can be better understood with knowledge of whether the aerosol is confined to the surface planetary boundary layer (PBL) or aloft. Lidar apportionment of the fraction of aerosol optical depth that is within the PBL can be scaled to give better agreement with surface PM2.5 than does the total column amount. The study has shown that lidar combined with surface and remotely sensed data might be strategically used to improve our understanding of long-range or regionally transported pollutants in multiple dimensions. 相似文献
130.
In this paper we analyze the concept of interactions between policy instruments addressing environmental, energy and climate
change issues. Although discussion on such policies has been taking place for almost two decades, their interactions are not
so sufficiently explored. Initially, we refer to literature on various types of interactions and we classify them. Furthermore,
we construct a qualitative method that can assist policymakers in selecting an optimal policy mix. This method breaks down
into numerous components, the areas where different policies interact, and facilitates the unveiling of potential overlaps
and complementarities. These areas consist of categories as measure identification, objectives, scope, market arrangements,
market flexibility, financing, technological parameters, timing, compliance parameters and institutional setup. In addition,
it renders the possibility of combining different options and design elements of policies. Furthermore, a list of various
criteria serves as an assessment tool for interactions, where a weighing factor and uncertainty parameters have been added,
in order to produce an aggregate indicator of the ex-ante analysis of the policy mix selected. Through this method, we present
a complete framework of discernment of diverse forms of environmental policy instruments. 相似文献